考研考博-英语-兰州文理学院押题密卷趁便答案详解篇.docx




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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在有钱人区的她考研考博-英语-兰州文理学院押题密卷趁便答案详解(图像巨细可安适调整)全文为word可修改,若为pdf皆为盗版,请稳重收购!第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-归纳练习(共50题)1.单选题

thebookmightwellhave()haditbeenlessexpensive.

疑问1选项

a.workedout

b.gonethrough

c.fittedin

d.caughton

【答案】d

【解析】动词短语意义分析。workout“处置,算出,完成”;gothrough“查看,经过”;fitin“习气,合适”;catchon“了解,变得盛行”。句意:假定这本书不那么贵的话,可以会很盛行。选项d契合句意。????

2.翻译题

translatethefollowingsentencesintoenglish.?

1996年,世界上海拔最高的现代化的、多功用的大型图书馆西藏自治区图书馆建成开馆。

她不想被别人当作做作才学的女子。

竞赛确有优点,它能逼你去创造、去改造。

我国不寻求霸权或分配世界事务,而是建议树立世界政治经济新次序。

维护祖国共同事关中华民族的根柢利益,我国公民将义无反顾的保卫国家主权和疆域无缺,绝不答应任何人以任何方法把台湾从我国割裂出去。

【答案】in1996,thelarge,modemandmulti-functionaltibetautonomousregionlibrary,theworld’shighestinaltitude,wascompletedandopenedtothepublic.

shedidnotwanttobelookeduponasabluestocking.

competitionisagoodthingforcingyoutobecreativeandinnovative.

chinadoesnotseekhegemonyorpredominanceinworldaffairsbuttoadvocateanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.

tosafeguardnationalunitybearsonthefundamentalinterestsofthechinesenation.wechinesepeoplewillsafeguardourstatesovereigntyandterritorialintegritywithresolve,neverallowinganyonetoseparatetaiwanfromchinainanyway.

3.单选题

weallwanttostandfirstinline,firstintheheartsofourcountry,firstinthepolls,firstinthestandings.the(1)ofnumberoneissurelyanimportantthinginsports,butforuniversities,beingfirstisnotasimportantasbeing(2)thebest.

thetwenty-firstcenturyshowsno(3)ofinterestamongresearchers,institutions,donors,boardsoftrustees,andgovernmentsinusingvariousuniversityrankingsto(4)theperformanceofhighereducationinstitutions.mostnationalresearchuniversitiesmeasurethemselves(5)awiderangeofdimensionsthattheinstitutionsbelieveimportantfordeterminingimprovementandsuccess.atthesametime,nosingleindicatororcompositenumber(6)representswhatanindividualinstitutionhasdone,cando,orwilldo.toimprovethequalityandproductivityofa(7)nationalresearchuniversity,itsfaculty,students,staff,andsupportersneedto(8)anumberofindicatorsthat,(9)together,giveareasonableapproximationofaccomplishmentandstrength(10)tothebestuniversitiesinthecountry.

manyindicators(11)thispurpose,butmostobserversknowthatresearch(12)morethananythingelsein(13)thebestinstitutions.initsannualreports,thecenterprovidesboththe(14)researchanddevelopmentexpendituresandthehighly-competitivefederally(15)researchanddevelopmentexpendituresasindicatorsofresearchscale.(16)thedollarsgiveagoodapproximationofresearchactivity,(17)isthefacultywhoprovidethecriticalresourceforuniversitysuccess,andthecenterreportsthenumberofmembersofthenationalacademiesamonganinstitution’sfacultyalongwiththenumberofsignificantfacultyawardsearnedasindicatorsoffacultydistinction.studentsprovidea(18)indicatorbyreflectingboththeexternallyperceivedqualityoftheinstitutionand(19)withtheirowncredentialsanimportantcontributiontothatquality.forthegraduateandresearchinstructionaldimension,thecenterprovidesthenumberofdoctorates(20)andthenumberofpostdoctoralappointmentssupported;andthecenteroffersmediansatscoresasindicatorsofstudentcompetitiveness.

疑问1选项

a.eager

b.ambition

c.pursuit

d.desire

疑问2选项

a.in

b.among

c.for

d.on

疑问3选项

a.fewer

b.lessening

c.weaker

d.worsening

疑问4选项

a.assess

b.assume

c.comment

d.reflect

疑问5选项

a.as

b.for

c.on

d.in

疑问6选项

a.moderately

b.accurately

c.equitably

d.fairly

疑问7选项

a.major

b.main

c.basic

d.fundamental

疑问8选项

a.pursue

b.evaluate

c.follow

d.appraise

疑问9选项

a.taken

b.got

c.getting

d.taking

疑问10选项

a.reference

b.superior

c.close

d.relative

疑问11选项

a.meet

b.serve

c.fill

d.integrate

疑问12选项

a.implies

b.means

c.symbolizes

d.matters

疑问13选项

a.determining

b.disclosing

c.differentiating

d.defining

疑问14选项

a.total

b.whole

c.major

d.sum

疑问15选项

a.recognized

b.sponsored

c.sponsoring

d.recognizing

疑问16选项

a.however

b.therefore

c.while

d.nevertheless

疑问17选项

a.that

b.which

c.this

d.it

疑问18选项

a.second

b.double

c.twice

d.twin

疑问19选项

a.providing

b.provide

c.provided

d.provision

疑问20选项

a.won

b.awarded

c.awarding

d.winning

【答案】第1题:c

第2题:b

第3题:b

第4题:a

第5题:c

第6题:b

第7题:a

第8题:c

第9题:a

第10题:d

第11题:b

第12题:d

第13题:d

第14题:a

第15题:b

第16题:c

第17题:d

第18题:b

第19题:a

第20题:b

【解析】(1)语义联接。此处标明对第一的抢夺,寻求。eager盼望;ambition志向;pursuit寻求;desire需求。

(2)逻辑分析。..foruniversities,beingfirstisnotasimportant:对许多大学来说,变成第同时不重要...。universities:用的是复数方法,可估测此处为:在成堆的大学中进行比照,故选择b项。

(3)语义联接。第一段说到处处可以见到争“第一”的表象,所以这种表象在如今照常没有削减,由此得出选择b:减轻,变小,nolessening:没有减小,契合句意。fewer更少;lessening减轻,变小;weaker较弱的;worsening恶化的。

(4)动词分析。空格处选a,意思是:评价高级院校的绩效。a:评价;b:假定;c:谈论;d:反映。

(5)固定分配。onawiderangeofdimensions:在一个更为广大的空间。

(6)副词分析。上一句说到评价要在一个更为广大的空间进行,所以下一句句意为:nosingleindicatororcompositenumber...represents:单个的方针或组成数不能精确地反映出情况,选b:精准地,精确地。a:适度地;c:公正地;d:公正地。

(7)固定分配。majornationalresearchuniversity:要点国家级研讨型大学。

(8)动词分析。对大学的评价要根据不一样的方针,故选择c,根据。a:追逐;b:评价,评价;d:评价,判定。

(9)固定分配。takentogether:总算,合起来。

(10)短语分析。giveareasonableapproximationofaccomplishmentandstrength20tothebestuniversitiesinthecountry:对其成果与实务给出一个合理的近似值,参照国内最佳的大学。由此得出选择d:relativeto:相关于,触及,有关。a:参阅,参照,是名词,后边不接介词。b:superiorto:优于,比...越。c:closeto:接近。

(11)动词分析。上文说到对研讨院的查核要遵从一些方针,故manyindicatorsservesthispurpose:许多方针效能于这个意图,故选择b:效能。

(12)动词分析。句意:研讨院的作用对学院的查核很重要。因而d项契合句意。a:暗示;b:办法,方法;c:标志,代表;d:要紧。

(13)动词分析。此处句意为:根据方针对研讨院进行查核,再判定其是不是最佳的学院。故d项契合句意。a:测定,抉择;b:揭露;c:区别;d:界说,界定。

(14)描述词分析。initsannualreports意思是:在年度陈述中。所以估测此处为:搜集悉数的材料。故选a。

(15)动词分析&语法分析。此处指的是联邦政府对大学的赞助。这儿大约用sponsor的曩昔分词方法,标明现已发生。

(16)逻辑分析。此处标明:从事研讨所需的经费到齐之时。故选择c:当...时分,引导时刻状语从句。

(17)语法分析。此处为偏重句型:itis/was+被偏重有些(一般是主语、宾语或状语)+that/who(当偏重主语且主语指人)+其他有些。故选择d。a:那个;b:哪个;c:这个。

(18)语义联接。语句顶用到:both...and:两者都...,可知这两方面都发扬了作用,故选择b:两层的,两倍的。

(19)动词分析。此处意思为:学生们供给了一些方针反映学院的实力,故选择a:供给,如今分词表伴随,表主动。b:供给;c:假定;d:规则,条款。

(20)固定分配。doctoratesawarded:被公布博士头衔。

4.单选题

inselectingamaterial,theengineer’sinterestisinitspropertieswhichdeterminehowitwillperformundertheloadsandcondition(?)itissubject.

疑问1选项

a.where

b.towhich

c.inwhich

d.which

【答案】b

【解析】【试题解析】查询语法规划。句意为:该工程师在选择材料时重视它的功能,其抉择本身在负载和受捆绑的情况下将如何体现。根据要害词“theloadsandcondition”可知联络代词“where”不契合,再由subject一般构成“besubjectto受制于”的固定分配知b项“towhich”正确。

5.不定项选择题

likemostparents,geologistbrianatwaterworriesabouthisdaughter’ssafety.butthesedays,hehasanunusualconcern:thepublicschoolsheattendsinseattlehasun-reinforcedmasonrywalls,constructionnotoriousforcollapsingduringearthquakes.thesametypeofwallscrushedhundredsofthousandsofpeopleduringthe1976tangshanquakeinchina.

adecadeago,atwaterwouldhavepaidlittlenoticetoschoolroomwalls.butoverthelastseveralyears,heandotherscientistshavefounddisturbingsignsthatthepacificnorthwesthasexperiencedgiantquakesinthedistantpastandthattheareamaybeheadedforacatastrophicshockinthenearordistantfuture.

atameetingoftheamericangeophysicalunionindecember,researchersdiscussedtherecentlyuncoveredevidenceofquakepotentialinthepacificnorthwest.whilesomeremainunconvincedthathugeearthquakes—withmagnitudesof8orhigher—doindeedstrikethisregion,agrowingnumberconsidersuchshocksaseriouspossibility.

what’sworrisome,theysay,isthatnorthwesterncitiessuchasportland,seattleandvancouverhavenotpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude,whichcouldrattletheregion’spopulationcenterswithenoughforcetomaketherecentsanfranciscoareadamageseemmildincomparison.

“ithinkit’squitetruetosaythatnothing(intheseareas)hasreallybeendesignedwithoneoftheseearthquakesinmind,”saysseismologistpaulsomervilleofwoodward—clydeconsultantsinpasadenacalif.atthemeeting,somervilleandhiscolleaguespresentedestimatesofthedegreeofshakingportlandandseattlewouldsufferduringamassiveearthquake.

1.duringthe1976tangshanearthquakeinchina,hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerekilledby(?).

2.itisimpliedinparagraph2that(?).

3.theword“shock”meansthesameas(?).

4.whatdoestheword“mild”inparagraph4mean?

5.whichofthefollowingisnottrue?

疑问1选项

a.fire

b.un-strengthenedbrickandstonebuildings

c.masonrywalls

d.un-reinforcedconcretewalls

疑问2选项

a.mr.atwaterloveshisdaughterverymuch

b.mr.atwaterandotherscientistspayattentiontosignsofearthquakesinthepacificnorthwest

c.theearthquakeswillstrikenorthwesterncities

d.mr.atwaterhasbeenconcernedalotoverschoolroomsforthepastseveralyears

疑问3选项

a.quake

b.violenceforce

c.attack

d.crash

疑问4选项

a.soft

b.nothard

c.notsevere

d.gentle

疑问5选项

a.thepublicschoolwheremr.atwater’sdaughterstudieshasschoolroomseasytodestroyduringamassiveearthquake.

b.whilesomescientistsstilldon’tbelievethathugequakeswilloccurinpacificnorthwest,moreandmorescientistsfeelcertain.

c.somervilleandhiscolleaguesmadeajudgmentonthelosssufferedinseattleduringthenextearthquake.

d.theresearchersareworriedthatnorthwesterncitieshaven’tmadeanypreparationsagainstsuchahugequake.

【答案】第1题:c

第2题:b

第3题:a

第4题:c

第5题:c

【解析】第1题:实际细节题。第一步,精准定位,定位到第一段最终一、二句话...thepublicschoolsheattendsinseattlehasun-reinforcedmasonrywalls,constructionnotoriousforcollapsingduringearthquakes.thesametypeofwallscrushedhundredsofthousandsofpeopleduringthe1976tangshanquakeinchina.(她在西雅图就读的公立学校有未加固的砖墙,这种建筑因在地震中倒塌而臭名远扬。相同类型的墙在1976年的唐山大地震压死了成百上千人)。第二步归纳了解,这儿un-reinforcedmasonrywalls与选c相符,所以答案选c。

a选项“火”,在文中都没有说到归于惹是生非。

b选项“没有加固的砖石建筑”,对应原文第一段最终一二句话,可是此处讲的是un-reinforcedmasonrywalls不是brickandstonebuilding,此处归于缝隙百出,所以不选;

d选项“无钢筋混凝土墙”,此处讲的是masonrywalls不是concretewalls,此处也归于缝隙百出,所以不选。

第2题:推理判别题。第一步,找句内条理,定位到第二段第二句butoverthelastseveralyears,heandotherscientistshavefounddisturbingsignsthatthepacificnorthwesthasexperiencedgiantquakesinthedistantpastandthattheareamaybeheadedforacatastrophicshockinthenearordistantfuture.(但在曩昔几年里,他和其他科学家发现了令人不安的痕迹,和平洋西北部在好久早年阅历过无量的地震而且在不远的将来,该区域可以会遭受灾害性的冲击),第二步归纳了解,定位句和b选项“爱德华和其他科学家留心到了南和平洋地震的预兆”;是附和变换,所以答案选b。

a选项“爱德华先生非常爱他的女儿”,第一步,精准定位,定位到文章第一段第一句likemostparents,geologistbrianatwaterworriesabouthisdaughter’ssafety(和大大都父母相同,地质学家布莱恩?阿特沃特忧虑女儿的平安。)可是题干的需求是第二段可以揣度出啥,这儿归于出处差错;

c选项“地震将会突击西北城市”,可以定位到第二段第二句(见上文)。第二步归纳了解,这儿的thearea指的是thepacificnorthwest不是northwestcities,这儿归于缝隙百出。

d选项“在曩昔几年,爱德华一向在重视学校教室”,第一步,精准定位,定位到第一段第二句butthesedays,hehasanunusualconcern:thepublicschoolsheattendsinseattlehasun-reinforcedmasonrywalls,constructionnotoriousforcollapsingduringearthquakes(但这些天,他有一个不一样寻常的担忧:她在西雅图上的公立学校有未加固的砖石墙,这种建筑因在地震中倒塌而臭名远扬),这儿尽管爱德华的确忧虑这种墙会倒,可是不是第二段的内容,这儿归于出处差错。

第3题:词汇揣度题。第一步,句中前后信息联接,根据题干定位到heandotherscientistshavefounddisturbingsignsthatnorthwesthasexperiencedgiantquakesinthedistantpastandthattheareamaybeheadedforacatastrophicshockinthenearordistantfuture(他和其他科学家发现了令人不安的痕迹,和平洋西北部在好久早年阅历过无量的地震而且在不远的将来,该区域可以会遭受灾害性的冲击)and联接两个并排的定语从句,inthedistancepast和inthenearfuture,以及northwest和thearea,这儿可以讲的是发生在这块西北区的同一件事,不过一件现已发生过了,而另一件快要发生了。第二步,上下文语义联接,上文说到了有痕迹标明和平洋西北区域早年发生过地震,在不久的将来这儿又要发生了,所以shock是上文quake的同义替换,所以答案选a选项quake“颤栗,颤动”;

b选项violenceforce“暴力”,文中没有提及暴力,归于惹是生非。

c选项attack“进犯”,文中没有提及进犯,归于惹是生非。

d选项crash“磕碰,倒塌”,文中没有提及磕碰,归于惹是生非。????

第4题:词汇揣度题。第一步,句中前后信息联接,根据文章定位到四段整句话what’sworrisome,theysay,isthatnorthwesterncitiessuchasportland,seattleandvancouverhavenotpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude,whichcouldrattletheregion’spopulationcenterswithenoughforcetomaketherecentsanfranciscoareadamageseemmildincomparison.(他们说,令人担忧的是,波特兰、西雅图和温哥华等西北城市还没有为这种等级的地震做好预备。这种田震可以会对该区域的人员中心构成满足大的颤动,使旧金山区域迩来遭受的损坏比较之下显得比照纤细);第二步,上下文语义联接,mild前面联接的信息是sanfranciscoareadamage,后边联接的信息是incomparison。就可以看出,这儿是在做比照,比照两个灾害的严峻性。上文还说到了what’sworrisome以及notpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude,这儿阐明前面的地震要比后边的损坏愈加严峻,所今后边的损坏相对来说就不是那么严峻了,所以答案选c选项;?

a选项“柔软的”,不能用来润饰?鸹怠保舛橛诜聪蚍橙牛?

b选项“不困难的”,不能用来润饰?鸹怠保舛橛诜聪蚍橙牛?br>
d选项“温柔的,绅士的”,不能用来润饰?鸹怠保舛橛诜聪蚍橙拧?br>
第5题:推理判别题。第一步,精准定位,根据选项定位到最终一段倒数第二句话atthemeeting,somervilleandhiscolleaguespresentedestimatesofthedegreeofshakingportlandandseattlewouldsufferduringamassiveearthquake.(在会议上,萨默维尔和他的火伴们对波特兰和西雅图在大地震中可以遭受的颤动程度进行了估量)。第二步归纳了解,科学家萨默维尔预估的是颤动的等级而不是地震中遭到的丢掉,这儿归于缝隙百出,所以c选项“萨默维尔和他的火伴对西雅图鄙人一次地震中遭受的丢掉作出了判别”差错,答案选c;

a选项“阿特沃特的女儿就读的公立学校的教室在大地震中很简略被摧毁”,第一步,精准定位,定位到第一段第二句话thepublicschoolsheattendsinseattlehasun-reinforcedmasonrywalls,constructionnotoriousforcollapsingduringearthquakes.(她在西雅图就读的公立学校有未加固的砖石墙,这种建筑因在地震中倒塌而臭名远扬),从这个句可以看出,a选项正确,所以不选;

b选项“尽管一些科学家仍然不信赖和平洋西北部会发生大地震,但越来越多的科学家感触会”,第一步,精准定位,根据选项定位到第三段最终一句话whilesomeremainunconvincedthathugeearthquakes—withmagnitudesof8orhigher—doindeedstrikethisregion,agrowingnumberconsidersuchshocksaseriouspossibility.(尽管有些人仍然不信赖8级或更高的大地震的确会突击这个区域,但越来越多的人认为这种田震是有很大的可以性的。),所以b选项不选;

d选项“研讨人员忧虑,西北城市还没有为应对如此无量的地震做任何预备”,第一步,精准定位,根据第四段第一句话what’sworrisome,theysay,isthatnorthwesterncitiessuchasportland,seattleandvancouverhavenotpreparedforearthquakesofthismagnitude(他们说,令人担忧的是,波特兰、西雅图和温哥华等西北城市还没有为这种等级的地震做好预备)选项d正确,不选。?????

6.单选题

diet-relateddiseasesalsocostsocietyintermsofdecreasedworkproductivity,increasedabsenteeism,poorerschoolperformance,andreducedfitnessonthepartofmilitary______,amongothernegativeeffects.

疑问1选项

a.recruits

b.reengineering

c.weapon

d.scene

【答案】a

【解析】查询名词词义分析。a选项recruits“新兵;新成员”;b选项reengineering“公司再造;再造工程;重建”;c选项weapon“武器,武器”;d选项scene“局势;景象;表象;作业”。句意:与饮食有关的疾病也对社会构成负面影响,如作业功率降低、旷工增多、学习成果差、……身体本质降低等。根据military(戎行)以及fitness(身体本质)可估测空白处大约填“人”的单词,因而b、c、d选项都可打扫。a选项recruits(新兵)契合,联系句意,a选项为正确答案。

7.单选题

?onethirdofthechineseintheunitedstatesliveincalifornia,()inthesanfranciscoarea.

疑问1选项

a.remarkably

b.severely

c.drastically

d.predominantly

【答案】d

【解析】副词词义分析。remarkably“显着地,惊人地”;severely“严峻地,严肃地”;drastically“完全地,剧烈地”;predominantly“首要地,显着地”。句意:在美国,三分之一的我国人居住在加利福尼亚,大大都首要居住在旧金山区域。选项d契合题意。

8.翻译题

themediahelpdemocracywhentheyprovidemorechoicestomorepeople,buttheydonofavorstodemocracywhentheyturnthemselvesfrombeacons(信号站)oflightintoheat-seekingmissiles.forexample,thepresident’s1995stateoftheunionaddresstookmorethananhour,whichapparentlywasaboutahalfhourmorethanthepatienceofmostnetworkcommentators(commentator:personwhocomments)couldtolerate.intheirinstantanalysisafterthespeech,theyallcriticizeditslengthand“lackoffocus’’.yetjudgingbypollsandtalkshowsthenextday,mostamericansappearedtoappreciatethecontentofthepresident’sspeech.todaythemediainvestigatelessandpreachmore……

【答案】当媒体为更多的人供给更多的选择时,媒体有助于民主政治,而当媒体由灯火信号站改动为热导导弹时,媒体将晦气于民主政治。比方,总统宣告的1995年国情咨文陈述花了一个多小时,这显着超出了大大都网络谈论家(谈论员:宣告谈论的人)所能承受的大约半小时的忍耐度。演说结束后,网络谈论家即时对演说做出分析,批判演说的长度而且“短少要点”。可是,从第二天的民意查询成果和现场访谈来看,大大都美国人如同很赏识总统讲演的内容。当今媒体查询少,宣传多.......

9.单选题

thewrapperitself______theshopper,whousuallythrowsitawayimmediately.

疑问1选项

a.isnotaninterestto

b.isofnointerestto

c.isnotinterestedto

d.isuninterestingto

【答案】b

【解析】查询interest的意义和用法,固定分配beof(no)interesttosb.“(不)会致使……的快乐喜爱”;差异interested“感快乐喜爱”,interesting“风趣的”,interest“快乐喜爱,喜爱”。a项语义不符,c项标明“包装纸对顾客不感快乐喜爱”不契合语句逻辑,d项也不契合逻辑;本句句意是:关于顾客来说,包装纸本身不会致使其快乐喜爱,一般,他们当即就将其丢掉了。根据语义,b项最契合。

10.单选题

whenthecommittee(?)todetails,theproposedplanseemedimpractical.

疑问1选项

a.gotdown

b.setabout

c.wentoff

d.cameup

【答案】a

【解析】查询词组getdowndosth./doingsth.“初步细心留心(或对待)某事”。句意:当委员会着手谈论所提出的方案的细节时,发现该方案如同并不实践。联系句意可知a选项正确。

11.单选题

iamcautiously()thatanewgovernmentwillbeconcernedandawareabouttheenvironment.

疑问1选项

a.optimistic

b.hostile

c.cynical

d.doubtful

【答案】a

【解析】查询描述词词义分析。optimistic“旷达的”;hostile“仇视的”;cynical“嫉恶如仇的”;doubtful“可疑的”。句意:关于新政府是不是会重视环境疑问,我持稳重的______情绪。根据要害信息cautiously可知选项a契合题意,“旷达情绪”。

12.单选题

theactualcostofthebuildingwasmuchhigherthanouroriginal().

疑问1选项

a.consideration

b.judgment

c.estimate

d.plan

【答案】c

【解析】名词词义分析。consideration?伎?酬劳”;judgment“判别,区分力”;estimate“估量,判独淠句意:这座建筑物的实践本钱比咱们正本的估量高得多。选项c契合句意。????

13.不定项选择题

cripplinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatientsfacedaily.

primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem.countrieswithappropriateprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealthoutcomesandcost.theu.s.takestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.

arecentstudyanalyzedtheproviderswhotreatmedicarebeneficiaries.thestartlingfindingwasthattheaveragemedicarepatientsaveatotalofsevendoctors—twoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialists―inagivenyear.contrarytopopularbeliefthemorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.actuallyincreasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.

howdidweletprimarycareslipsofar?thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.mostphysiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.themoreaphysiciandoes,regardlessofqualityoroutcome,thebetterheisreimbursed(返还费用).moreover,theamountaphysicianreceivesleansheavilytowardmedicalorsurgicalprocedures.aspecialistwhoperformsaprocedureina30-minutevisitcanbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycarephysicianusingthatsame30minutestodiscussapatient’sdisease.combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstoindiscriminatelycutreimbursements,physiciansarefacedwithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.

primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeclineofprimarycare.

medicalstudentsarenotblindtothisscenario.theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedu.s.medicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.thistrendresultsinemergencyroomsbeingoverwhelmedwithpatientswithoutregulardoctors.

howdowefixthisproblem?

itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimallymanagingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.

we’reatapointwhereprimarycareisneededmorethanever.withinafewyears,thefirstwaveofthe76millionbabyboomerswillbecomeeligibleformedicare.patientsolderthan85,whoneedchroniccaremost,willriseby50%thisdecade.

whowillbetheretotreatthem?

1.theauthor’schiefconcernaboutthecurrentu.s.healthcaresystemis().

2.welearnfromthepassagethatpeopletendtobelievethat().

3.facedwiththegovernmentthreatstocutreimbursementsindiscriminately,primarycarephysicianshaveto().

4.whydomanynewmedicalgraduatesrefusetochooseprimarycareastheircareer?

5.whatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthcare?

疑问1选项

a.theinadequatetrainingofphysicians

b.thedecliningnumberofdoctors

c.theshrinkingprimarycareresources

d.theever-risinghealthcarecosts

疑问2选项

a.themorecostlythemedicine,themoreeffectivethecure

b.seeingmoredoctorsmayresultinmorediagnosticerrors

c.visitingdoctorsonaregularbasisensuresgoodhealth

d.themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter

疑问3选项

a.increasetheirincomebyworkingovertime

b.improvetheirexpertiseandservice

c.makevariousdealswithspecialists

d.seemorepatientsattheexpen查找引擎优化fquality

疑问4选项

a.theyfindtheneedforprimarycaredeclining.

b.thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare.

c.primarycarephysicianscommandlessrespect.

d.theythinkworkinginemergencyroomstedious.

疑问5选项

a.bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysicians.

b.extendprimarycaretopatientswithchronicdiseases.

c.recruitmoremedicalstudentsbyofferingthemloans.

d.reducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirmajor.

【答案】第1题:c

第2题:d

第3题:d

第4题:b

第5题:a

【解析】第1题:推理判别题。由题干定位到文章第二段第一句“primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem.初级医疗保健大约是任何清洁保健体系的支柱。”与第三句“theu.s.takestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.美国则采纳了相反的做法,偏重专家而不是初级保健医生。”及文章首要叙说的是“美国初级医疗本钱的削减”这一内容可知c项“日益削减的初级保健本钱”与原文相符。a项“医生培训的缺乏”,原文并没有有关表达;b项“医生数量的削减”,原文并没有有关表达;d项“不断上升的医疗保健费用”,原文并没有有关表达。因而c选项正确。

第2题:细节实际题。由题干定位到文章第三段第三句“contrarytopopularbeliefthemorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.与广泛的观点相反,照看你的医生越多并不能保证非常好的医治。”可推知d项“照看你的医生更多,非常好”与原文相符。a项“药越贵,医治越有用”,原文并没有有关表达;b项“看越多的医生可致使使越多确诊差错”,原文并没有有关表达;c项“守时看医生可保证身体安康”,原文并没有有关表达。因而d选项正确。

第3题:细节实际题。由题干定位到文章第四段最终一句“combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstoindiscriminatelycutreimbursements,physiciansarefacedwithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.这个实际加之政府每年挟制要不加差异地消减返还费用,让医生们别无选择,只能去添加看病的数量来添加收入。”可推知d项“以牺牲看病的质量来看更多的患者”与原文相符。a项“经过加班来前进他们的收入”,原文并没有有关表达;b项“完善他们的专业常识和效能”,原文并没有有关表达;c项“与专科医生做各种生意”,原文并没有有关表达。因而d选项正确。

第4题:细节实际题。由题干定位到文章第六段第一、二句“medicalstudentsarenotblindtothisscenario.theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.医科学生并非对这种情况视若无睹。他们看到报销准则对初级保健有多么晦气。”可推知b项“其时的体系晦气于初级保健”与原文相符。a项?欠⑾侄猿跫兑搅票=〉男枰谙骷酢保牟⒚挥杏泄乇泶铮籧项“初级保健医生不受尊敬”,原文并没有有关表达;d项?侨衔诩闭锸易饕涤顾住保牟⒚挥杏泄乇泶铩R蚨鴅选项正确。

第5题:细节实际题。由题干定位到文章第8段第一句“itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.首要要变革医生的返还费用体系”可推知a项“减小专科医生和初级保健医生之间的薪酬间隔”与原文相符。b项“向缓慢病患者供给初级保健”,原文并没有有关表达;c项“经过供给告贷接收更多的医学生”,原文并没有有关表达;d项“削减选择初级保健专业的学生的学费”,原文并没有有关表达。因而a选项正确。????????

14.单选题

agreatamountofworkliasgoneinto()thecathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.

疑问1选项

a.refreshing

b.restoring

c.renovating

d.renewing

【答案】b

【解析】句意:许多的作业现已投入,为了使这个大教堂恢复到其早年的绮丽。

查询动词分析。四个选项均为对应动词的如今分词方法。refresh更新,使精力恢复,使得到弥补;restore恢复,批改;restoreto使恢复到…;renovate更新,批改,改造,改写;renew使更新,续用,复兴。由题干中要害词“toitsprevioussplendor到其早年的绮丽”可知b项正确。

15.单选题

theseareasrelyonagriculturealmost(),havingfewmineralresourcesandaminimumofindustrialdevelopment.

疑问1选项

a.incredibly

b.exclusively

c.extraordinarily

d.respectively

【答案】b

【解析】查询副词词义分析。incredibly“难以相信地”;exclusively“仅有地”;extraordinarily“极端”;respectively“别离地”。根据后边havingfewmineralresourcesandaminimumofindustrialdevelopment“几乎没有矿藏,工业打开也少”可知当地只依托农业,因而选项b契合题意。

16.单选题

thiscrisiswilltesttheprimeminister’smettle.

疑问1选项

a.plan

b.judgment

c.stamina

d.knowledge

【答案】c

【解析】查询同义名词分析。a选项plan“方案,平面图”;b选项judgment“判别,裁判,断定书,区分力”;c选项stamina“耐力,耐久力,意志”;d选项knowledge“常识,学问,晓得,知道,学科”。句意:这场危机将检测辅弼的勇气。mettle“勇气,气质,耐力”,c选项与该词意思最附近,因而d选项正确。

17.单选题

academicintegrityisdeemedessentialtothosedevotedtoscientificresearches.

疑问1选项

a.believed

b.discarded

c.advocated

d.confirmed

【答案】a

【解析】查询动词分析。deem标明“认为,信赖”,bedeemedto标明“被认为”;a项believe“信赖,信赖”,b项discard“扔掉,扔掉”,c项advocate“建议,撑持”,d项confirm“招认,证明”。句意:学术诚信关于那些尽力于科学研讨的人来说是至关重要的。根据句意可知a项正确。

18.单选题

thewelshlanguagehasalwaysbeentheultimatemarkerofwelshidentity,butagenerationagoitlookedasifwelshwouldgothewayofmanx,oncewidelyspokenontheisleofmanbutnowextinct.governmentfinancingandcentralplanning,however,havehelpedreversethedeclineofwelsh.roadsignsandofficialpublicdocumentsarewritteninbothwelshandenglish,andschoolchildrenarerequiredtolearnbothlanguages.welshisnowoneofthemostsuccessfulofeurope’sregionallanguages,spokenbymorethanahalf-millionofthecountry’sthreemillionpeople.

therevivalofthelanguage,particularlyamongyoungpeople,ispartofaresurgenceofnationalidentitysweepingthroughthissmall,proudnation.lastmonthwalesmarkedthesecondanniversaryoftheopeningofthenationalassembly,thefirstparliamenttobeconvenedheresince1404.theideabehinddevolutionwastorestorethebalancewithintheunionofnationsmakinguptheunitedkingdom.withmostofthepeopleandwealth,englandhasalwayshadbraggingrights.thepartialtransferoflegislativepowersfromwestminster,implementedbytonyblair,wasdesignedtogivetheothermembersoftheclub—scotland,northernireland,andwales—abiggersayandtocountercentrifugalforcesthatseemedtothreatentheveryideaoftheunion.

thewelshshowedlittleenthusiasmfordevolution.whereasthescotsvotedoverwhelminglyforaparliament,thevoteforawelshassemblyscrapedthroughbylessthanonepercentonaturnoutoflessthan25percent.it





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